Fig. 3. Effect of management practices on (A) soil surface CO₂ flux, (B) soil temperature, and (C) soil gravimetric water content at the 0- to 15-cm depth averaged across irrigation systems from May to November 2005 in Nesson Valley, ND. Management practices are CTBFN, conventional-till malt barley with 67 or 134 kg N ha^–1; CTBON, conventional-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha^–1; NTBFN, no-till malt barley with 67 or 134 kg N ha^–1; NTBON, no-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha^–1; NTCRP, no-till conservation reserve program planting containing undisturbed alfalfa and grasses with 0 kg N ha^–1; and NTPON, no-till pea with 0 kg N ha^–1. LSD (0.05) is the least significant difference between management practices at P 0.05. Arrows indicate time of irrigation in the irrigated treatment.