Fig. 1. (A) Effect of irrigation on soil surface CO₂ flux, (B) soil temperature, and (C) soil gravimetric water content at the 0- to 15-cm depth averaged across management practices from May to November 2005 in Nesson Valley, ND. LSD (0.05) is the least significant difference between treatments at P 0.05. Arrows indicate time of irrigation in the irrigated treatment.