Fig. 1. Conceptual model of baseflow water quality estimation procedure (Eq. [1], text) using ground water seepage along a stream meander. (a) Hypothetical ground water recharge age-date distribution of ground water seepage into a stream course (inset) on three baseflow sampling dates superimposed on , the basin-wide mean annual concentration of a hypothetical chemical in ground water recharge. (b) Estimated baseflow concentrations, C_bf, for each baseflow sampling date by Eq. [1]. (c) Minipiezometer network along a stream meander intercepts ground water seepage of varying recharge age-dates and water quality characteristics. Schematic illustrates design of minipiezometers used in this study.